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The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".〔.〕 It was formerly called the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (ICBN); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of the ''Melbourne Code'' which replaces the ''Vienna Code'' of 2005. As with previous codes, it takes effect as soon as ratified by the congress (on Saturday 23 July 2011), but the documentation of the code in its final form takes some time to prepare after the congress. Preliminary wording of some of the articles with the most significant changes has been published in September 2011. The name of the ''Code'' is partly capitalized and partly not. The lower-case for "algae, fungi, and plants" indicates that these terms are not formal names of clades, but indicate groups of organisms that were historically known by these names and traditionally studied by phycologists, mycologists, and botanists. This includes blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria); fungi, including chytrids, oomycetes, and slime moulds; photosynthetic protists and taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups. There are special provisions in the ''ICN'' for some of these groups, as there are for fossils. The ''ICN'' can only be changed by an International Botanical Congress (IBC), with the International Association for Plant Taxonomy providing the supporting infrastructure. Each new edition supersedes the earlier editions and is retroactive back to 1753, except where different starting dates are specified.〔 For the naming of cultivated plants there is a separate code, the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants'', which gives rules and recommendations that supplement the ''ICN''. == Principles == * Botanical nomenclature is independent of zoological, bacteriological, and viral nomenclature (see Nomenclature codes). * A botanical name is fixed to a taxon by a type.〔 This is almost invariably dried plant material and is usually deposited and preserved in a herbarium, although it may also be an image or a preserved culture. Some type collections can be viewed online at the websites of the herbaria in question. * A guiding principle in botanical nomenclature is priority, the first publication of a name for a taxon.〔 The formal starting date for purposes of priority is 1 May 1753, the publication of ''Species Plantarum'' by Linnaeus. However, to avoid undesirable (destabilizing) effects of strict enforcement of priority, conservation of family, genus, and species names is possible. * The intent of the Code is that each taxonomic group ("taxon", plural "taxa") of plants has only one correct name that is accepted worldwide, provided that it has the same circumscription, position and rank.〔 The value of a scientific name is that it is an identifier; it is not necessarily of descriptive value. * Names of taxa are treated as Latin. * The rules of nomenclature are retroactive unless there is an explicit statement that this does not apply. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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